Pre Production Theory
Film Script
The purpose of the script is to basically tell the story. It gives you the insight on everything that is going to happen and it also will help you picture everything in your mind, which will help you visualise what will happen.
The script contains all the dialogue of what the actors are going to say and it also explains the environment in which the story takes place.
Everyone who is working on the movie will get a copy of the script. For example, people who are in control of lighting will need a copy because it will explain in the script when they need to add, change or even take away the lighting. When actors receive the script they will occasionally make notes of what they need to say and do in each scene.
Storyboard
A storyboard is essentially a graphic organiser in the form of images of the film that is produced before to help clients visualise the scenes. They also help people find any potential problems before they actually happen. A storyboard is basically like a script, it gives you an insight on everything going on on the film with images so it gives you a clearer idea of what the film is going to be like.
The majority of storyboards starts with brainstorming. Creators have meetings together to come up with ideas and they either write the ideas down on paper or they put it up on a whiteboard.
Another purpose of a story board is that is also gives you an estimate of how much the production is going to cost you which is helpful because if it is too expensive you can always start again. Majority of the time, storyboards will include arrows or instructions because it will help to indicate movement.
A Script Breakdown
Budget
This will help you work out what each part of your production will cost and will help you know which parts you either need to cut down on or increase the price.
Risk Assessment
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The purpose of the script is to basically tell the story. It gives you the insight on everything that is going to happen and it also will help you picture everything in your mind, which will help you visualise what will happen.
The script contains all the dialogue of what the actors are going to say and it also explains the environment in which the story takes place.
Everyone who is working on the movie will get a copy of the script. For example, people who are in control of lighting will need a copy because it will explain in the script when they need to add, change or even take away the lighting. When actors receive the script they will occasionally make notes of what they need to say and do in each scene.
Example of a script from Disney's Frozen [2013]
Storyboard
A storyboard is essentially a graphic organiser in the form of images of the film that is produced before to help clients visualise the scenes. They also help people find any potential problems before they actually happen. A storyboard is basically like a script, it gives you an insight on everything going on on the film with images so it gives you a clearer idea of what the film is going to be like.
The majority of storyboards starts with brainstorming. Creators have meetings together to come up with ideas and they either write the ideas down on paper or they put it up on a whiteboard.
Another purpose of a story board is that is also gives you an estimate of how much the production is going to cost you which is helpful because if it is too expensive you can always start again. Majority of the time, storyboards will include arrows or instructions because it will help to indicate movement.
Example of a storyboard
A Script Breakdown
A script breakdown is used to analysis a screenplay by highlighting certain parts and making notes about them. They are reduced in lists to schedule and budget the production. Another purpose is for the director to use their creative analysis of the action, theme, design, struggle and reciprocal elements of the screenplay. Casting calls are also used in a script breakdown which is a character breakdown.
To make things more organised in a script breakdown, people colour code it so it is easier to understand. Here is an example I found on the internet:
Budget
Throughout the making of your production, the budget will always change, whether its due to: location, size/varied of cast, stunts and also the effects. Which is why it is important to make sure you have all of the budget information in a document that you keep editing when necessary.
In this document you will have different sectors for each part of your production. For example, you will have one section for wardrobe then another for locations, lighting, etc. This will help you work out what each part of your production will cost and will help you know which parts you either need to cut down on or increase the price.
Risk Assessment
When you are producing a movie
one of the most essential things to create is a Risk Assessment sheet. A Risk
Assessment sheet will help you define the responsibilities and duties of
everyone who is working on this movie. The Risk Assessment sheet will help you
identify the risks that may happen during your movie. For example, if your film
is including someone having a sword fight, you will have to make sure that the
sword isn’t sharp enough to injure someone; it may be helpful to have someone
who specialises in swords/weapons on set because they will help the actors use
the sword safely.
Risk Assessment is an important part of managing health & safety when creating a film. It also helps you
identify hazards and help you control them.
However, you must keep updating
your Risk Assessment sheet because the further you get into creating your film,
you will realise that more risks will appear.
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Example of a Risk Assessment
Clearances
You will always need to make sure that all the actors that will appear in your film sign a release form. This is giving you the rights to use their performances in the film that you are making. Although, not everyone will need one of these forms. For example, people who are casted as extras wouldn't need one because they aren't a
You will always need to make sure that all the actors that will appear in your film sign a release form. This is giving you the rights to use their performances in the film that you are making. Although, not everyone will need one of these forms. For example, people who are casted as extras wouldn't need one because they aren't a
necessary document for them.
The purpose of this legal document is to ensure that the actors will know: when they will get paid and how often they will get paid, the days that they are needed on set and also if the actor is required for any rehearsals or dress fittings.
An important part of producing a film is to have a location manager. Even if the manager is untrained it is still rather important to have one. The location manager will create a location agreement. This will allow you to film in a certain place and also grant you the right to rehearse and take picture for publicity. If you want to call the location in your film a different name, the location agreement will allow you to do so. The agreement gives you right to film at the location and the right to exploit in any way throughout the world.
Legal Considerations
Copyright - To help keep you work safe from thieves who want to make money by either using your ideas or selling them without your consent, you can use a system within the law called copyright which will help you stay safe from thieves and pirates.
Copyright is the proof of the ownership of everything. If you create an IP (Intellectual Property) by yourself, you will own the copyright to that IP. Although, if you create an IP at a corporation then they will own the copyright.
However, just because you came up with the idea of your production, does not always mean that you will own that idea. If you were working for or with a company and you came up with an idea for them, they own it, not you.
An example of this would be Walt Disney, when he was working at Universal, he created Oswald the Lucky Rabbit. However, once he got fired from Universal, he lost all his rights to Oswald because Universal owned the character because Walt Disney created the character not for him, but for Universal.
Public Domain - Public Domain is where intellectual property has expired inapplicable or forfeited. Public Domain consists of work that is no longer in the copyright term or were never protected by copyright law. The purpose of Public Domain is to still protect your work if copyright is no longer available or if you never had copyright on your work.
Creative Commons - If you want people to have the right to use, share, and even add things to the work you have made then you should consider getting a Creative Commons license when publishing it. This organisation has released many copyright licenses which are known as Creative Common licenses which are free of charge to the public. The purpose of Creative Commons is so that the public have the right to use your work and share it with more of the public.
An example of this would be:
The purpose of this legal document is to ensure that the actors will know: when they will get paid and how often they will get paid, the days that they are needed on set and also if the actor is required for any rehearsals or dress fittings.
An important part of producing a film is to have a location manager. Even if the manager is untrained it is still rather important to have one. The location manager will create a location agreement. This will allow you to film in a certain place and also grant you the right to rehearse and take picture for publicity. If you want to call the location in your film a different name, the location agreement will allow you to do so. The agreement gives you right to film at the location and the right to exploit in any way throughout the world.
Legal Considerations
Copyright - To help keep you work safe from thieves who want to make money by either using your ideas or selling them without your consent, you can use a system within the law called copyright which will help you stay safe from thieves and pirates.
Copyright is the proof of the ownership of everything. If you create an IP (Intellectual Property) by yourself, you will own the copyright to that IP. Although, if you create an IP at a corporation then they will own the copyright.
However, just because you came up with the idea of your production, does not always mean that you will own that idea. If you were working for or with a company and you came up with an idea for them, they own it, not you.
An example of this would be Walt Disney, when he was working at Universal, he created Oswald the Lucky Rabbit. However, once he got fired from Universal, he lost all his rights to Oswald because Universal owned the character because Walt Disney created the character not for him, but for Universal.
Public Domain - Public Domain is where intellectual property has expired inapplicable or forfeited. Public Domain consists of work that is no longer in the copyright term or were never protected by copyright law. The purpose of Public Domain is to still protect your work if copyright is no longer available or if you never had copyright on your work.
Creative Commons - If you want people to have the right to use, share, and even add things to the work you have made then you should consider getting a Creative Commons license when publishing it. This organisation has released many copyright licenses which are known as Creative Common licenses which are free of charge to the public. The purpose of Creative Commons is so that the public have the right to use your work and share it with more of the public.
An example of this would be:
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| This is a sign in a pub that notifies the public that the music they are listening to is freely distributable under a Creative Common license. Insurance - Insurance is an important thing to have when you are creating a film. The main purpose for insurance is that it will help you manage the risks when creating your film. If something bad happens for example, an actor gets injured or something gets stolen or damaged, your insurance policy will help you by giving you money to replace items that have been damaged or stolen. If you do not have an insurance policy and those risks happen then you will be responsible to recover the things you have lost. |
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